Kangyur
Tibetan Canon |
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Early texts |
Mahayana Sutras |
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Tantras |
Divisions |
Kangyur | |||||||
Tibetan name | |||||||
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Tibetan | བཀའ་འགྱུར་ | ||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 甘珠爾 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 甘珠尔 | ||||||
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Kangyur (Tib. བཀའ་འགྱུར་, Wyl. bka' 'gyur) literally "translated words", is one of the two branches of the Tibetan Buddhist Canon.
Traditionally speaking, the Kangyur contains the "words of the Buddha", referring to the sutras and tantras. The commentaries to these texts are collected into the Tengyur, which is the second branch of the Tibetan Buddhist Canon.
The compilation of the first version of the Kangyur was completed by the Tibetan scholar Butön Rinchen Drup in the 1300s. Several versions of the compilation existed in Tibet, among which the most notable are those from Dergé, Lhasa, Narthang, Choné, Peking, Urga, Phudrak, and Tok Palace.
Though these collections aimed at exhaustiveness, most of the Nyingma tantras were left out of the Kangyur by their Sarma compilers. This lead to the creation of the Nyingma Gyübum that brings together the Nyingma tantras.
Divisions
The divisions of the Kangyur (according to the Degé edition) are:[1][2]
- Vinaya (འདུལ་བ་, 'dul ba) -->
Discipline
- Sutra (མདོ་, mdo) -->
Discourses
- Prajnaparamita (ཤེར་ཕྱིན་, sher phyin)
- Buddhāvataṃsaka (ཕལ་ཆེན་, phal chen)
- Ratnakūṭa (དཀོན་བརྩེགས་, dkon brtsegs)
- General Sutra Section (མདོ་སྡེ།, mdo sde) (the principal collection of 266 sūtras, containing both Mahayana and Sravakayana sutras)
- Thirteen late translated sutras (གསར་འགྱུར།, gsar 'gyur) (a group of Theravada sutras)
- Tantra (རྒྱུད་, rgyud) -->
Tantra
- Tantra (a collection of 468 tantras, mainly from the "later translation period")
- Nyingma Tantra (seventeen tantras from the "early translation period")
- Kalacakra (tantras belonging to the “Wheel of Time” class)
- Dharani (short texts based on formulae for recitation) -->
Incantations
Further Reading
- Paul Harrison, 'A Brief History of the Tibetan bKa' 'gyur' in Cabezón and Jackson, ed., Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre, Snow Lion, 1996
- Peter Skilling, Translating the Buddha's Words: Some Notes on the Kanjur Translation Project, Nonthaburi, March 11, 2009
- Peter Skilling, 'Kanjur Titles and Colophons' in Tibetan Studies, vol. 2. Oslo, 1994, pp.768-780
See also
References
External links
General reference:
Facts and Figures about Kangyur and Tengyur
- Tibetan Buddhist Canon - The Kangyur, by D. Phillip Stanley
English language translations:
Tibetan language Kangyur collections:
བཀའ་འགྱུར། ༼ཅོ་ནེ༽
བཀའ་འགྱུར། ༼སྡེ་དགེ༽
བཀའ་འགྱུར། ༼སྣར་ཐང་༽
བཀའ་འགྱུར། ༼ལྷ་ས༽
- Asian Classics Input Project (Tibetan texts)
- Online Kangyur and Tengyur (University of Vienna)
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