Pratigha

See also: Anger

Translations of pratigha
English	anger, repugnance
Pali	paṭigha
Sanskrit	pratigha
Chinese	恚(T) / 恚(S)
Korean	진 (RR: jin)
Tibetan	ཁོང་ཁྲོ་ (Wylie: khong khro; THL: kong tro)

Pratigha (Sanskrit; Pali: paṭigha; Tibetan Wylie: khong khro) is translated as "anger", "repugnance", etc. It is defined as a hostile attitude towards sentient beings, towards frustration, and towards that which gives rise to one's frustrations; it functions as a basis for faultfinding, for negative actions, and for not finding a moment of peace or happiness.

Pratigha is identified as:

• One of the six root unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition
• One of the ten fetters in the Theravada tradition (according to the Dhammasangani)

Definitions

Theravada

Patigha (Pali) is defined by Theravada sources as: anger, repulsion, collision; animosity; irritation; indignation.

Nyanatiloka Mahatheran provides the following definition:

1. In an ethical sense, it means: 'repugnance', grudge, resentment, anger, and is a synonym of byāpāda, 'ill-will' (s. nīvaraṇa) and dosa, 'hate' (s. mūla). It is one of the proclivities (anusaya, q.v.).
2. '(Sense-) reaction'. Applied to five-sense cognition, p. occurs in the following contexts:

(a) as paṭigha-saññā, 'perception of sense-reaction', said to be absent in the immaterial absorptions (s. jhāna 5). Alternative renderings: resistance-perception, reflex-perception;

(b) as paṭigha-samphassa, '(mental) impression caused by 5fold sensorial reaction' (D. 15); s. phassa;

(c) as Sappaṭigha-rūpa, 'reacting corporeality', and appaṭigha, 'not reacting', which is an Abhidhammic classification of corporeality, occurring in Dhs. 659, 1050. Sappaṭigha are called the physical sense-organs as reacting (or responding) to sense stimuli; and also the physical sense-objects as impinging (or making an impact) on the sense-organs. All other corporeality is appaṭigha, non-reacting and non-impinging. These 2 terms have been variously rendered as resistant and not, responding and not, with and without impact.

Mahayana

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:

What is pratigha? It is ill-will with regard to living beings, with regard to suffering and with regard to things pertaining to suffering. Its function is to produce a basis for unhappy states and bad conduct.

StudyBuddhism states:

[Pratigha is] a root disturbing emotion, aimed at another limited being, one's own suffering, or situations entailing suffering, and which is impatient with them and wishes to get rid of them, such as by damaging or hurting them, or by striking out against them. It is based on regarding its object as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature.

StudyBuddhism identifies dvesha (aversion) as a subcategory of pratigha (anger) that is directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings.

Alternate translations

• Anger (Herbert Guenther, Alexander Berzin)
• Repugnance (Walpola Rahula)

See also

• Anger
• Dvesha
• Kleshas
• Mental factors

Sources

• StudyBuddhism, Primary Minds and the 51 Mental Factors
• Guenther, Herbert V. & Leslie S. Kawamura (1975), Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding" Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition.
• Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator) (2004). Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1. North Atlantic Books.
• Walpola Rahula (2007). What the Buddha Taught. Grove Press. Kindle Edition

External links

• StudyBuddhism, Primary Minds and the 51 Mental Factors
• StudyBuddhism, Glossary (definition for anger/khong-khro)
• khong_khro

• Anger