Niḥsaraṇa

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niḥsaraṇa (P. nissaraṇa; T. nges ’byung; C. li; J. ri; K. i 離). In Sanskrit, “escape” or “emergence,” often a synonym for liberation from rebirth.[1]

The term can also refer to the sense of dissatisfaction with samsara and the wish to escape from it.[1] This sense is indicated in the following compounds:[1]

  • bhava-niḥsaraṇa, “escape from mundane existence,”
  • jarā-niḥsaraṇa, “escape from old age,” and
  • kleśa-niḥsaraṇa, “escape from the afflictions.”

Bhikkhu Bodhi has translated the Pali term "nissaraṇa" as "escape".[2]

The Pali term is found in the "Dhātusaṃyutta Connected Discourses on Elements". Bhikkhu Bodhi clarifies one passage that uses this term as follows:

In this sutta the Four Noble Truths are discussed. The gratification (assāda) in the four elements is the truth of the origin; the danger (ādīnava) is the truth of suffering; the escape (nissaraṇa) is the truth of cessation; the path that understands the escape is the truth of the path.[3]

In the Tibetan tradition, the same Tibetan term nges ’byung it used to translate the following Sanskrit terms:

  • niḥsaraṇa - escape, emergence, (sometimes) renunciation
  • niryāṇa - definite emergence, (sometimes) renunciation
  • naiṣkramya - renunciation

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. niḥsaraṇa.
  2. ↑ Bodhi 2000a, Pali-English dictionary.
  3. ↑ Bodhi 2000a, footnote 249.

Sources