Pañcavidyā
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pañcavidyā (T. rig gnas che ba lnga རིག་གནས་ཆེ་བ་ལྔ་; C. wuming 五明), or "five sciences", are five traditional sciences (vidyā) of ancient India which bodhisattvas are said to have mastered.[1] This grouping is also known as pañcavidyāsthāna.[1]
The five sciences are:[2]
- the "science of language" (śabda vidyā; shēng-míng, 聲明);
- the "science of logic" (hetu vidyā; yīn-míng, 因明);
- the "science of medicine" (cikitsā vidyā; yào-míng, 藥明);
- the "science of fine arts and crafts" (śilpa-karma-sthāna vidyā; gōngqiǎo-míng, 工巧明);
- the "inner science" (adhyātma vidyā; T. nang don rig pa; nèi-míng, 內明) which relates to the study of the Buddhist teachings.
The Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkāra-kārikā states:
- Without becoming a scholar in the five sciences, not even the supreme sage can become omniscient. For the sake of refuting and supporting others, and for the sake of knowing everything himself, he makes an effort in these [five sciences].[3]
A recognised master of all five sciences is afforded the title paṇḍita.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavidyā
- ↑ Gold, Jonathan C. (5 June 2008). Dharma's Gatekeepers, The. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780791479711. Retrieved 28 April 2019 – via Google Books.
- ↑ The Dharma's Gatekeepers: Sakya Paṇḍita on Buddhist scholarship in Tibet by Jonathan C. Gold. SUNY Press. pg 14[1]
External links
Pañcavidyā, Wikipedia
Five major sciences, Rigpa Shedra Wiki
རིག་གནས་ཆེ་བ་ལྔ་, Christian-Steinert Dictionary- རིག་གནས་ལྔ་, Christian-Steinert Dictionary
